With its sprawling, sometimes tangled array of parts suppliers, assembly plants, logistics networks, and dealers, the auto industry is perhaps uniquely vulnerable to disasters, natural and otherwise.
汽车业是由无数零件供应商、装配工厂、物流网络以及经销商组成的一个庞大的、有时甚至是混乱的行业。在面临自然灾害或其它灾难时，这个行业可能显得尤为脆弱。
Manufacturers are all too familiar with interruptions to production from floods, blizzards, land slides, and forest fires. Dealers have seen their new car inventories wiped out by overflowing rivers, surging tides, and punishing hail storms.
汽车厂商都深知洪水、暴雪、泥石流、森林大火等灾害会给汽车生产带来哪些影响。许多经销商都有过汽车存货被洪水和怒潮吞没，或是被冰雹损坏的经历。
Catastrophes happen even at sea. A Norwegian carrier with 2,862 cars aboard sank in the English Channel in 2002 after colliding with a container ship in thick fog.
海上也可能发生灾害。2002年，一艘载有2862辆汽车的挪威货船途经英吉利海峡时，在浓雾中与一艘货柜船相撞，继而沉没。
But there has been nothing like the triple threat in Japan wrought by last week's earthquake and tidal wave, combined with growing worries of a nuclear reactor meltdown.
不过与地震后的日本相比，这些都微不足道了。上周的日本地震、地震引发的海啸，再加上人们对震区核反应堆熔毁的恐慌日益加深，为日本汽车业带来了三重威胁。
As the world's third-largest producer of automobiles (after China and the U.S.), Japan's manufacturing network is highly developed and unusually complex. The natural constraints of Japan's crowded highways and seaports, combined with man-made complications like just-in-time parts delivery have led to the creation a finely-tuned, delicately-balanced system.
作为全球第三大汽车生产国（仅次于中国和美国），日本的汽车生产网络高度发达，而且格外复杂。日本的高速公路和海港非常拥挤，这是日本的 “先天不足”。此外日本汽车业中还有许多人为的复杂因素，例如许多日本厂商都在零部件运输上采取了“零库存”的即时交付制度。这些因素使得日本汽车业成为了一个极为精细、高度平衡的体系。
Running smoothly, it is highly productive. But a single disruption anywhere along the line can tie up the whole system. Assembling a car requires some 10,000 individual pieces, and every single one of them is needed in the finished product.
如果正常运转的话，这是个极为高效的系统。不过倘若系统中的某根链条出现了断裂，就会影响到整个系统的运转。装配一辆汽车需要差不多10000个单独的零件，一个都不能少。
How you can help Japan
如何能帮助日本？
Japan has never seen a disruption like this. In addition to the direct damage caused by the earthquakes and tsunami, there are secondary effects -- coordinated power outages to deal with, supply shortages, interruption of highway, rail, and ship traffic -- and tertiary ripples. Some auto plants were reportedly closed so that employees could cope with personal issues stemming from disaster.
日本汽车业从未遭遇过这么大的破坏。除了地震和海啸造成的损失之外，日本汽车业还需要面对一些次级影响，例如断电、供应短缺，以及高速公路、铁路及海上事故等。此外还有一些第三级的影响。据报道，有些汽车厂家已经暂时关闭，以便员工料理因地震而导致的个人事务。
Japan's largest auto producers are now expected to remain shut down through Wednesday, and some analysts foresee further disruptions lasting months. "While we could see some production capacity come back on line in the next few days, energy supply limitations and parts supply restrictions make a quick return to normal operations highly unlikely," says Kurt Sanger of Deutsche Bank.
据预计，日本几家最大的汽车厂商将会一直关闭到星期三。有些分析人士预测道，更进一步的破坏将持续数月之久。德意志银行（Deutsche Bank）分析师科特?桑格指出：“尽管未来几天里，我们可能看到日本汽车业恢复了一些产能，不过由于能源供应和零部件供应的限制，日本汽车业基本不可能在短期内迅速恢复到正常的运行状态。”
The disaster's impact has been surprisingly widespread. Mazda was thought to have been spared because it is headquartered in Hiroshima, far from most of the damage. But it suspended production at its four plants in western Japan Monday night and all day Tuesday because of parts shortages.
这场灾难的影响之广，令人惊讶。马自达（Mazda）的总部位于广岛，远离震区，因而外界本以为马自达可以幸免于难。不过由于零部件短缺，马自达还是在周一夜里和周二全天暂时停止了日本西部四个工厂的生产。
Demonstrating the industry's global span, repercussions are being felt as far away as Europe. Renault's operations in France are intertwined with those of its Japanese partner Nissan. Daimler's Fuso operates 2 truck plants in Japan. VW owns a 19% stake in Suzuki.
此次日本地震对汽车业的影响甚至波及到了欧洲，这充分证明了日本汽车产业的全球跨度。雷诺汽车公司（Renault）在法国的经营与其日本伙伴日产汽车公司（Nissan）有着千丝万缕的联系。戴姆勒（Daimler）的扶桑（Fuso）品牌也在日本经营着两家卡车工厂。大众汽车公司（VW）还拥有铃木汽车公司（Suzuki）19%的股权。
U.S. car buyers also will be feeling the effects of the disaster in coming weeks. Deutsche Bank estimates that approximately 12% of all vehicles sold in North America originate in Japan. Additionally, many vehicles produced in North America by Japanese automakers contain at least some content that is produced in Japan. The next five months are the seasonally strongest of the year for U.S. sales, so extended disruptions could cause shortages of some products.
在未来几周里，美国的汽车消费者也会感受到日本地震所带来的影响。据德意志银行估算，在北美销售的所有汽车中，约有12%源自日本。此外，许多在美国的日本厂商所生产的汽车里，也多多少少包含了某些在日本生产的部件。接下来的五个月正是美国车市销售旺季，因此如果日本汽车业遭受的破坏延续下去，很可能导致车市上的某些产品出现短缺。
Nissan, for instance, which makes all of its Infiniti brand cars in Japan, said the tsunami destroyed 1,300 vehicles at the Port of Hitachi plus 1,000 more at a service center, impacting exports. That will make it difficult to replenish inventories in the U.S, where only a month's supply of some Infiniti models is on the ground in the U.S.
例如日产汽车公司的所有英菲尼迪（Infiniti）轿车都是在日本生产的。日产公司表示，该公司有1300辆轿车在本州岛东部的日立港被海啸冲毁，海啸还损毁了1000辆停放在一家服务中心里的日产轿车，使该公司的出口遭受了沉重打击。这也将使日产公司难以补充美国地区的存货，而目前在美国市场上，英菲尼迪汽车只剩一个月的库存了。
Toyota (TM) faces a similar problem with the Prius, whose sales have spurted as gas prices have risen. The Prius is only manufactured in Japan. One U.S. dealer who is sold out of new cars told the New York Times he had resorted to displaying used models at his showroom.
丰田公司（Toyota）在普锐斯（Prius）轿车上也遇到了同样的问题。由于汽油价格上涨，普锐斯的销量已经出现了激增。不过普锐斯也是全部在日本生产的。一位美国经销商手上的普锐斯新车已经全部卖光了，他对《纽约时报》表示，他甚至只得把用过的普锐斯轿车放在展厅里当样车。
Japanese manufacturers are renowned for their ability to improvise and adapt in the face of the adversity. Toyota famously resumed production within five days after a fire destroyed a brake valve supplier in 1997. Thirty-seven other suppliers improvised tooling systems and set up makeshift assembly lines to make the needed part.
日本厂商一向以擅于适应逆境、擅于在灾难中随机应变而闻名。最出名的一次是丰田公司的一家制动阀供应商于1997年毁于一场大火，而丰田公司居然在五天内就恢复了生产。因为有其他37家零部件供应商联合起来，提供了机床系统，并且建立了临时装配线，为丰田生产这一急需的零部件。
The multi-faceted nature of the destruction from this disaster, however, will test all of their ingenuity and resourcefulness.
这次灾难给日本汽车业带来的破坏是多方面的，它将检验日本汽车业的智慧与创造力。
Cars in America(美国的汽车)
Cars in America
Cars are an important part of life
in the United States. The car made the United
States
a
nation
on wheels.
And
it helped to make the United States what it is today.
There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United States. First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation.
The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used frequently.
The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don't like to wait for a bus, or a train or even a plane. They don't like to have to follow an exact timetable.And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to have.
The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for Americans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much gas.
美国的汽车
汽车是美国生活的重要组成部分。汽车使得美国成为轮子上的国家，它也帮助美国成为现在的样子。
汽车在美国如此盛行有三个主要原因。首先这个国家地域辽阔，而美国人喜欢在其间来回走动。汽车提供了最舒适最便宜的交通方式。
汽车如此盛行的第二个原因是美国从未真正发展过有效廉价的公共交通这一事实。美国的长途火车从未像世界上其它地方那么普及。如今飞机提供了空中服务的良好体系。但是飞机太贵了，不能频繁使用。
而第三个原因是最为重要的。
美国人的独立精神是使得汽车盛行的真正原因。
美国人不喜欢等公共汽车、火车甚至飞机。他们不喜欢必须遵循精确的时间表。汽车给予他们的自由正是美国人最想得到的。
汽油供给的减少已经给美国人带来了巨大的问题。但答案不是发展更大型的公交体系。真正的解决方式必须是一种新型的汽车，那种不需要使用很多燃料的汽车。
Car Pollution
Each year there is an increasing number of cars on the roads as millions of new cars are produced. One out of six Americans works at making cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling up gas. Americans couldn't live without cars!
Most Americans would find it hard to imagine life without a car. However, some have realized the serious problem of air pollution caused by cars. The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of the polluted air is to make a car without pollution. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field is slow.
Another way is to replace car engines with something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model for us.
To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we have to make some changes in our lives. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their total cars.They are encouraged to use bicycles, which are thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory cioses down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment. Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.
汽车污染
上路的汽车数量逐年增长，同时，每年都会生产出几百万辆新车。在美国，每六个人中就有一个从事与汽车相关的工作：造车、开车、修路、加油等等。
离开汽车，美国人无法生活!
大部分美国人简直无法想象没有车的生活会是什么样子。但是一些人也已经意识到汽车造成的空气污染已成为严重的问题。被污染的空气具有毒性，并且危害健康。
解决空气污染的方法之一就是制造无污染汽车。但是生产清洁汽车说来容易做来难。
目前，这一领域的进展十分缓慢。
另一个方法就是使用其他东西替代汽车发动机。发明家正在研制蒸汽汽车和电车。但是许多厂家认为我们可以使用的实用型汽车的诞生可能还需要几年时间。
要想阻止全球化的汽车污染，我们需要对自己的生活方式做出适当的改变。例如，在美国，需要缩减汽车总量。鼓励人们使用有助空气清洁的自行车。
但这种改变不能一蹴而就。一旦汽车工厂关闭，就会有大量工人失去工作。与失业相比，空气污染似乎就不再那么重要了。尽管汽车为我们带来了更加舒适的生活，同时，它也带来了新的问题。
How to Choose Car Security
What to look for:
Motion sensors let you leave the top down or the windows open. They are also good for protecting the cargo areas in vans and trucks. The sensors will sound the alarm if someone invades your space.
Glass-break sensors sound the alarm when they "hear" a window breaking. This protects you from the thief who believes he can bypass your alarm by not opening the door.
Driver's side priority unlock lets you open your door without unlocking the others. You can get in your vehicle without letting your guard down.
Remote outputs allow you to expand the alarm's capabilities by adding features like a remote starter or window controls. Most alarms come with at least one remote output. Consider everything you want the security system to do (now and in the future) when choosing an alarm.
When Crime Guard interconnect harnesses are available for your vehicle, Crime Guard security systems are much easier to install than other brands.
Why buy a car security system?
Protecting yourself and your family, as well as your vehicle and your car stereo are all excellent reasons to invest in a car security system. Additionally, most insurance companies offer lowered rates for vehicles equipped with an alarm — it'll pay for itself!
A good security system not only makes your car more difficult to steal, it also makes it easier to live with. The small remote control that you carry with your keys lets you arm and disarm the alarm, lock and unlock your doors, and maybe even zap open your trunk. How's that for convenience?
FREE wiring guide with your system!
For most vehicles made up to 1995, Crutchfield gives you a sheet that tells the location and color of the wires you need to access in your vehicle. For most vehicles made after 1995, we gladly provide the wiring information over the phone, by fax, or by e-mail. This helpful information is FREE with your security system purchase! You also get our free publication, How to Install a Car Security System.
We help you install your own alarm and save
When you order your alarm from Crutchfield, you can also count on the exclusive toll-free Technical Support we offer our customers. Sixteen hours a day, seven days a week, experienced, patient experts are ready to answer your questions (just have your invoice handy when you call). It's like having a pro look over your shoulder while you work!
How a typical security system works
When you leave the car, push the button that arms your system. You hear your doors lock, and a siren chirp tells you your vehicle is protected. If you've accidentally left a door ajar, the system alerts you with a different sound.
When you walk away, you feel confident, assured. The first thing a thief sees when he approaches your car is a flashing LED that tells him your system is armed. Often, that's enough to make him look elsewhere.
If the thief tries to tamper with your vehicle, he'll get a warning chirp or a full siren blast. The security system "brain" decides which sort of warning to give based on the severity of the tampering and the type of sensors the thief trips.
When you return to your car, use the remote to disarm the system and unlock your doors or pop open the trunk. You can even use the remote to sound the siren if you can't find your car or if someone is bothering you.
Crime Guard harnesses make your security system installation a lot easier
For most vehicles, the installation begins with a Type A harness that makes connections for +12 volts, ground, starter disable and ignition — saving you time and effort on your installation. Connect a couple of sensors and you've got basic protection. (In some cases, you may need to splice a few wires to get all the features you want.)
Additional harnesses may also be available for your vehicle:
for remote door-lock control
for parking-light flash
for dome light activation
for trunk or hatch release
for remote engine start
如何选择汽车安全
如何查找：
运动传感器可让您离开自上而下或Windows开放。他们也很好的保护货物领域面包车和卡车。这些传感器会发出警报，如果有人侵入您的空间。
玻璃打破传感器发出警报时， “听到”一个窗口打破。这种保护您免受小偷谁相信他可以绕过你报警不开门。
驾驶员侧的优先解锁，您可以打开你的门没有打开等。您可以在您的车辆没有让您的警惕。
远程输出允许您扩大警报的能力新的功能，比如远程起动或窗口控制。最警报器来至少有一个遥控器的输出。考虑到您希望的安全系统做（在现在和将来）当选择了警钟。
当犯罪卫队互连利用可为您的车辆，犯罪卫队的安全系统更容易安装超过其他品牌。
为什么买一辆汽车的安全系统？
保护自己和你的家人，以及您的汽车和您的汽车音响都出色的原因，投资于汽车安全系统。此外，多数保险公司提供了降低利率的车辆配备了警钟-它愿意支付的本身！
一个良好的安全系统不仅使您的汽车更难以窃取，但也更容易生存。小遥控器，您随身携带您的钥匙，您可以胳膊和解除警报，锁定和解锁的门，甚至ZAP公司打开你的躯干。怎么为方便？
免费布线指导与您的系统！
对于大多数汽车至1995年，克拉奇菲尔德给你一张，告诉的位置和颜色的电线您需要访问您的车辆。对于大多数汽车在1995年之后，我们很乐意提供布线信息通过电话，传真，或通过电子邮件。这有用的信息是免费的安全系统购买！您还可以免费出版物，如何安装汽车安全系统。
我们帮助您安装您自己的震惊和保存
当您以您的报警从克拉奇菲尔德，您还可以指望独家免费电话技术支持，我们为我们的客户提供。 16个小时，一周7天，有经验，耐心专家愿意回答您的问题（只要您的发票方便打电话时） 。这就像有一个亲期待您的肩上，而你的工作！
如何保障制度的典型工程
当您离开汽车，按钮，武器系统。你听到你的门锁，警报器啁啾告诉您您的车辆受到保护。如果你不小心留下了门半开着，系统提醒您以不同的音色。
当你走开，你有信心，有保证。的第一件事，一个小偷把他的做法时，你的车是一个闪烁的LED ，告诉他您的系统是武装冲突。通常，这足以让他目光转移到其他地方。
如果小偷试图篡改你的汽车，他会得到一个警告，啁啾或完整警报器爆炸。安全系统“大脑”决定哪些类型的警告的基础上给予的严重性篡改和类型的传感器小偷旅行。
当您返回到汽车，使用遥控器，解除您的系统和打开门或弹出打开行李箱。您甚至可以使用遥控器发出警报，如果您找不到汽车或如果有人打扰你。
犯罪卫队利用使您的安全系统安装更容易
对于大多数车辆，安装一开始就利用A型，使连接12伏特，地面，禁用和点火起动器-节省您的时间和精力，在您的安装。连接了几个传感器和你有基本的保护。 （在某些情况下，您可能需要剪接一些电线的所有功能你想要的。 ）
更多的利用也可以为您的车辆：
远程门锁控制
停车灯闪光
激活的顶灯
干线或舱口释放
远程发动机启动
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